What Are The Five Main Features Of OOPs?

If you have been programming for a while, you might have used object oriented programming languages in some form or the other in your career.

Object oriented programming is one of the most relevant forms of programming design that is used till date.

Let us have a refresher at the definition of object oriented programming. As is suggested by the name, object oriented programming uses objects rather than processes and data for creating applications such as web pages and gaming softwares.

The programming languages that are included within object oriented programming are Python, Java, C++ and JavaScript.

One of the most unique and useful features of object oriented programming is that the codes used in this programming design are entirely reusable.

Quite similar to this, there are other important features of object oriented programming as well that have been discussed in the blog. Check out the most important features of OOPs.

What do you mean by OOPs?

Object Oriented Programming as suggested by the name is a framework that uses different objects and classes.

The attributes of object oriented programming are linked with the properties of the objects where each of the objects consists of its own methods and procedures.

This basically implies the fact that in object oriented programming, the program makes use of the objects and their classes in order to construct a software program.

This means that the program enjoys several benefits of using objects as the source for creating softwares such as:

• OOPs makes it extremely easier and faster to execute any program

• The concepts of object oriented programming also provides a clear and accurate structure for the formation of any program

• One of the best features of object oriented programming is that it allows the users to easily modify, maintain and debug the program

• OOPs also makes it easier for the program to reuse the code whenever it is required in the future

In a nutshell, object-oriented programming is an advanced form of programming system that provides several usages and utilities as you can see in the following portion of the blog!

What are the main features of OOPs?

Unlike the generic forms of programming, object oriented programming uses classes that indicate the merging of several objects that are similar in nature.

This is reflected in the features of object oriented programming that have been discussed in this segment.

Check out the five main feature that are associated with object oriented programming:

1. Inheritance

Let's start with the first and possibly one of the most important features of object oriented programming i.e Inheritance.

You may understand inheritance as traits that children inherit from their guardians of parents. In the context of object oriented programming, inheritance has quite a similar meaning.

Inheritance is referred to the phenomenon when a specific class inherits the traits and characteristics of another class. This essentially means that the factor of reusability of classes gets boosted using inheritance.

In the programming language of JavaScript, the concept of inheritance is also referred to as Prototyping. This means that an object can serve as a prototype for another object to draw its characteristics.

Whether you call it inheritance or prototyping, both of these attributes claim to pass down the characteristics of their classes from one generation of objects to the next.

2. Encapsulation

This process of encapsulation basically allows the program to hide important information within an object while only allowing the program to depict a small portion or subset of the information to the user.

For instance, when the specific code within a class object signifies its attributes and behaviours. So now, you might be wondering how this process actually works?

Basically when an object is created, it is enclosed with methods and data while being enclosed within a class. This class further holds the codes for implementing the object within a program which is this referred to as encapsulation.

3. Abstraction

Abstraction is yet another feature of object oriented programming. This process basically refers to the communication of the user with just the portion of an object's operation and characteristics.

Whenever the user is required to access a complicated object, the process of abstraction will simply make use of a higher level technique within the program.

• Here the simpler objects are used for showing the complexity

• While the more complex information from the object is not displayed to the users all together

If you were to consider a more real time operation of abstraction, you could take the example of working on a computer system.

While you might know all the details of working of a computer, you might not be aware of how the CPU or the other parts of the computer exactly functions.

4. Polymorphism

The concept of polymorphism is yet another feature that is central to object oriented programming. This process basically refers to the formation of objects that depict the same sort of behaviour.

The process of polymorphism is what creates the difference between function oriented and object oriented design.

The concept of polymorphism essentially permits the same method to execute different functions at the same time.

There are basically two forms of polymorphism i.e method overloading and method overriding.

5. Objects

Now, finally comes yet another important feature of object oriented programming i.e the objects. The objects in OOPs are an essential fundamental that makes the processes and attributes usable for the programmers.

Every object in object oriented programming can be used for creating a different attribute and you can use various sorts of objects in various sorts of programs.

All and all you can imagine an object to be the depiction of the real time processes or world perceptions.

These perceptions and processes essentially utilised for designing the software applications.

Wrapping Up

One of the major difference between function oriented and object oriented design is that the function oriented programming languages focus on the process whereas, the object oriented programming languages make the object itself the process.

Which is why, it becomes easier to manipulate and store information within the objects using object oriented programming.